Book Review: War Against the Weak by Edwin Black

War Against The Weak is a surprisingly readable history book.  It details the almost unknown rise of the pseudoscience of Eugenics, how the movement became popular in America and was instrumental in enacting laws that led to the sterilizing of thousands of people and ultimately caused the holocaust in Germany.

Mr. Black is careful to cite all of his sources, compiling research put together over several years with the help of people in several countries.  Each chapter deals with a different issue of eugenics, introducing the players pertinent to that aspect (whether it was sterilization, marriage laws to prevent whites from mingling their blood with 'undesirables', so called intelligence tests (IQ tests), and more.  Later chapters become a bit tedious as he reminds you of people and things brought up in earlier chapters, but the background information is always necessary going forward.

He traces the connection between American eugenicists and their European counterparts, going so far as to show their support for, and correspondence with, Nazi doctors. 

It's truly terrifying how people justified their racism and called it 'science'.  It's even more scary to find yourself agreeing, not with their means, but on rare occasions with their reasoning.  I can understand their wanting to prevent hereditary diseases from being passed on.  I don't think sterilizing the individual AND THEIR ENTIRE EXTENDED FAMILY is an appropriate way of achieving this goal.  Especially when 'hereditary diseases' involves blindness caused by any means (including accidents in adulthood), which was one of their campaigns. 

The ending of the book is quite bleak and cautioned against the possibility of using genetics (the modern and more accurate science eugenics morphed into) as a means of discrimination in the future.  I would never want to live in the world depicted in the movie Gattica, where your genes, and the possibility that you might not succeed determines that you're never given the chance to try.  According to this book, that may in fact be the future we're heading for.

REVIEW: Eutopia: A Novel of Terrible Optimism by David Nickle

Pros: excellent writing, courageous, tight ending

Cons: the supernatural aspect isn't as scary as the historically accurate parts

Eutopia takes place in the early 1900's when the eugenics movement was becoming popular with a certain type of people.  Mrs Frost, an agent of the Eugenics Records Office finds her nephew is the sole survivor of a plague ravaged frontier town.  She brings him with her to Eilada, Idaho, where an industrialist has started what he intends to be a utopic community.

But not everything's rosy in paradise.  The town's black doctor, Andrew Waggoner, has had a run in with the Ku Klux Klan and discovered that his colleague, Dr. Bergstrom has been keeping a 'Mr. Juke' in quarantine.  The more Dr. Waggoner learns of Dr. Bergstrom's actions and who, or what, Mr. Juke is, the more imperiled his life becomes.

Because Mr. Juke's family is coming to get him back.

For a novel that has such a horrifying supernatural creature at the heart of it, the true terror of the book was contained in the historically accurate parts.  It's hard to be afraid of made up monsters when the Klan and practicing eugenicists show up.  Indeed, when you see the unrepentant Mrs. Frost and delusional Dr. Bergstrom own up to their crimes, no fictional monster could possibly stand up to the horrors humans are willing to perpetrate on each other.

I call this novel courageous because Mr. Nickle focuses on a period of history most people pretend didn't exist.  The eugenics movement died after the holocaust showed the end result of such thinking.  But denying that sterilization happened in other nations (including Canada and the U.S.), as painful as it is to admit, denies the injustices done to people in the past due to racism and elitist thinking.  And allows the possibility of repeating such things.  Fiction allows us to examine issues we'd rather not, in the safety of the present, when we hope such occurrences will never be allowed to happen again.  In this way it reminds me of Blonde Roots, by Bernardine Evaristo, which flips history so Europeans are enslaved by Afrikaans.  It shows how racism can go both ways and only the conquerors decide what is right and who are the elite.

People will find reading this book uncomfortable, for the subject matter and the liberal use of the 'n' word.  We have whitewashed our history and no longer want to acknowledge the attitudes and language of the past.  Even the subtle put downs black men faced, like using Dr. Waggoner's Christian name when addressing him, rather than his title, are accurately represented in this book.

The ending is tight, bringing all three plot lines together in surprising ways.  It's an ending that is both satisfying, and thought provoking.

(Disclaimer: David Nickle is a regular at the bookstore where I work and provided my review copy.  Having said that, the book was so good and the topic so fascinating (in a horrifying way) that I read the 600 page history book the author researched while writing Eutopia, War Against the Weak by Edwin Black.  I highly recommend reading it.  It will open your eyes about racism and the holocaust in, well, rather unpleasant ways.)